基于平均法的buck_boost型DC/DC建模步骤，包括电压模和峰值电流模。增加了误差放大器放大倍数的确定，电源调整率，负载调整率和三种变换器的一阶等效模型-Based on the average law buck_boost type DC/DC modeling steps, including the voltage mode and peak current mode. An increase of the error amplifier to determine the magni

Abstract-This paper introduces the new concept of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in estimating speed and controlling the separately excited DC motor. The neural control scheme consists of two parts. One is the neural estimator, which is us

Particle swarm optimization based maximum power point tracking MPPT used in solar pv system for boost dc dc converter