This paper defines the requirements for cooperation of heterogeneous radio access networks (RANs) and proposes a novel radio resource management (RRM) framework for support of mobility and quality of service (QoS) in a heterogeneous communication

Spectrum sensing has been identified as a key enabling functionality to ensure that cognitive radios would not interfere with primary users, by reliably detecting primary user signals. Recent research studied spectrum sensing using energy de

Wireless communication systems are traditionally conceptualized such that users individually commu- nicate with the associated base station and vice versa. Cooperation is referred to as any architecture that deviates from this traditional approac

When capturing an iris image under unconstrained conditions and without user cooperation, the image quality can be highly degraded by poor focus, off-angle view, motion blur, specular reflection (SR), and other artifacts. The noisy iris images in