In practice, it will often be limited to using the measure defined in (1.2). In this context, the retro-policy options are of the form u = k (t, y). This is called output feedback. It is a difficult problem for which we will show in Chapter 4 t

Synchronous Buck Converter: This switched power supply converts a 30V DC supply into a regulated 15V DC supply. The model can be used to both size the inductance L and smoothing capacitor C, as well as to design the feedback controller. By selecting

在实际系统中，或者因为不易直接测量，或者因为测量设备在经济性和使用性上的限制，进行状态反馈往往很困难。解决上述问题的基本途径就是进行状态重构，即设计状态观测器，利用重构状态取代真实状态进行状态反馈。-In a real system, or because difficult to directly measure, or because the measurement device is limited to economic and usability on the state feedba