A new and efficient algorithm for high-density salt and pepper noise removal in images and videos is proposed.The existing non-linear filter like Standard Median Filter (SMF), Adaptive Median Filter (AMF), Decision Based Algorithm (DBA) and Rob

In advanced TDMA mobile communications systems, reduced-state equalization algorithms have to be employed because high-level modulation is used in order to improve spectral efficiency. Such equalizers have only high performance, if the overal