The issue of supporting mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks is recently attracting increasing attention within the research community as new-born application scenarios require the deployment of hybrid network architectures composed of fixed and mobi

In recent years, research on wireless sensor networks has increased significantly because it offers the advantage of monitoring a wide variety of environments to detect physical phenomena. Wireless sensor networks consist of many sensor nodes where e

In this research work, we advise gateway based energy-efficient routing protocol (M-GEAR) for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We divide the sensor nodes into four logical regions on the basis of their location in the sensing field. We install Base S