Lack of standards and spotty frequency availability in the sub-11 GHz region has forced

many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and network operators to specify unique

custom antennas for base stations and backhaul in broadband wireless point-to-mulipoint

applications. While many of the resulting antenna designs have had merits, the lack of

volume production and field testing has often resulted in expensive, unreliable products.

With the continuing harmonization of the global frequency bands and some valuable

work conducted by the European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI), a set of

high-performance broadband antennas that cover these harmonized frequency bands are

quickly becoming the industry norm. This article clarifies the important aspects of

WiMAX antenna requirements and provides representative WiMAX antenna models.