bootstrap:存储在ROM中的微码(microcode)中,用来在初始化的时候启动router,然后加载IOS

　　POST:存储在ROM中的微码中,用来检查硬件基本配置是否正常,然后决定哪些接口可用

　　ROM monitor:存储在ROM中的微码中,作用是测试和排疑等

Mini-IOS:Cisco叫它RXBOOT或bootloader,它是存储在ROM中的,IOS的简化版本,用来把IOS加载到闪存中

　　RAM(random-access memory):用来保存数据包缓存,ARP缓存,路由表,和running-config配置文件.某些router上,IOS可以从RAM中运行

-bootstrap: stored in the ROM of the micro-code (microcode) in the time used to initialize the start router, and then load the IOS POST: stored in the ROM of the micro-code, used to check the hardware basic configuration is normal, then to decide which interface is available ROM monitor: stored in the ROM of the micro-code, the role of test and suspect other exclusive Mini-IOS: Cisco call RXBOOT or bootloader, which is stored in the ROM in, IOS simplified version, used to IOS is loaded into the flash memory in the RAM (random-access memory): to save the data packet cache, ARP cache, routing tables, and running-config configuration file. some of the router on, IOS can run from RAM