In this paper, we describe the development of a mobile butterfly-watching learning (BWL)

system to realize outdoor independent learning for mobile learners. The mobile butterfly-watching

learning system was designed in a wireless mobile ad-hoc learning environment. This is first result

to provide a cognitive tool with supporting the independent learning by applying PDA with

wireless communication technology to extend learning outside of the classroom. Independent

learning consists of self-selection, self-determination, self-modification, and self-checking.-In this paper, we describe the development of a mobile butterf ly - watching learning (BWL) system to realize o utdoor independent learning for mobile learne rs. The mobile butterfly-watching learning sy stem was designed in a wireless mobile ad-hoc le Jiaotong environment. This is first result to pro vide a cognitive tool with supporting the indep endent learning by applying PDA with wireless c ommunication technology to extend learning ou tside of the classroom. Independent learning c onsists of self-selection, self-determination, self-modification, and self-checking.