When discussing networks, different conceptual views can be used. One view is how the computers and networks are connected to one another and another view is a layered view of how the protocols operate on top of each other. The former will be called: `` network view and the latter: `` protocol stack view . The protocol stack view is discussed first in the various incarnations it can appear in. After this, the relationship between the network view and the protocol stack view is shown-When discussing networks, different conceptual views can be used. One view is how the computers and networks are connected to one another and another view is a layered view of how the protocols operate on top of each other. The former will be called: `` network view　 and the latter: `` protocol stack view　. The protocol stack view is discussed first in the various incarnations it can appear in. After this, the relationship between the network view and the protocol stack view is shown