A wireless sensor network (WSN) has important applications such as remote environmental

monitoring and target tracking. This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in

recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and intelligent. These sensors are

equipped with wireless interfaces with which they can communicate with one another

to form a network. The design of a WSN depends significantly on the application, and it

must consider factors such as the environment, the application’s design objectives, cost,

hardware, and system constraints.