波达方向（Direction Of Arrival）估计，又称为谱估计（spectral estimation）、波达角（Angle Of Arrival）估计。一个信源有很多可能的传播路径和到达角。如果几个发射机同时工作，每个信源在接收机处形成潜在的多径分量。因此，接收天线能估计出这些到达角就显得很重要，目的是破译出哪个发射机在工作以及发射机所处的可能位置。通过测量辐射信号的波达方向（DOA全称Direction Of Arrival）或波达角（AOA）来估测辐射源的位置。理论上这种估计只需要两个接收阵元就可以确定辐射源的位置，但在实际中，由于受到角度分辨率、多径和噪声限制，所需阵元通常要多于两个。DOA定位技术原理是利用接收机处的阵列天线和波达方向（DOA）估计技术来确定一个从接收机到信源的波达方向线，即为方向线（LOB），最后利用多个接收机估计的DOA进行三角测量，方向线的交点就是信源的估计位置。-DOA (Direction Of Arrival) estimation , also known as spectral estimation (spectral estimation), angle of arrival (Angle Of Arrival) estimation. There are many possible sources a propagation path and the angle of arrival . If several transmitters simultaneously, a potential source for each multipath component at the receiver. Therefore, the receiving antenna can estimate the angle of arrival becomes very important, which aims to decipher the location of the transmitter at work as well as possible in which the transmitter . By measuring the radiation signal DOA (DOA stands for Direction Of Arrival) or the angle of arrival (AOA) to estimate the location of the radiation source . Theoretically this estimate requires only two receiving array element can determine the position of the radiation source , but in practice , due to the angular resolution , multipath and noise limits , usually required more than two array elements . DOA positioning technology is the use of an array of antennas at