In recent years, stepping with the popularization of smart phone and the

development of mobile communication infrastructure, the conditions for ubiquitous

computing society become more and more complete. In the vision of ubiquitous

computing society, LBS (Location Based Service) that provides an added value to an

unprecedented user experience has been paid a great deal of attention by mobile

operators all over the world. As the core technology for LBS, various positioning

systems have been studied extensively. For the outdoor environment GPS is mature

and common. However, the performance of GPS in indoor environment is bad.

Moreover, currently there is no technique whose accuracy and cost are appropriate for

deployment in huge areas. -In　recent　years, stepping with the　popularization of smart phone and the

development of mobile communication infrastructure, the conditions for ubiquitous

computing society become more and more complete. In the vision of ubiquitous

computing society, LBS (Location Based Service) that provides an added value to an

unprecedented user experience has been paid a great deal of attention by mobile

operators all over the world. As the core technology for LBS, various positioning

systems have been studied extensively. For the outdoor environment GPS is mature

and common. However, the　performance of GPS in　indoor environment is　bad.

Moreover, currently there is no technique whose accuracy and cost are appropriate for

deployment in huge areas.