By exploiting the basic principles of particle swarm optimization (PSO)

and the information of practical node positioning applications, TLP searches out the optimal localization results on the

basis of the distance anchor nodes to unknown nodes. Compared to the normal schemes, such as least mean square

algorithm (LMS), the simulation results reveal that the proposed protocol-By exploiting the basic principles of particle swarm optimization (PSO)

and the information of practical node positioning applications, TLP searches out the optimal localization results on the

basis of the distance　anchor nodes to unknown nodes. Compared to the normal schemes, such as least mean square

algorithm (LMS), the simulation results reveal that the proposed protocol