方差分析是分析试验（或观测）数据的一种统计方法。在工农业生产和科学研究中，经常要分析各种因素及因素之间的交互作用对研究对象某些指标值的影响。在方差分析中，把试验数据的总波动（总变差或总方差）分解为由所考虑因素引起的波动（各因素的变差）和随机因素引起的波动（误差的变差），然后通过分析比较这些变差来推断哪些因素对所考察指标的影响是显著的，哪些是不显著的。(Variance analysis is a statistical method for analyzing the data of the test (or observation). In industrial and agricultural production and scientific research, it is often necessary to analyze the influence of the interaction between factors and factors on some target values of the research objects. The analysis of variance in the total fluctuation test data (total variation or total variance decomposition) by considering the fluctuation (the variation caused by various factors) and random factors (fluctuation error variation), and then through the analysis and comparison of these variation to infer the factors which influence on the index is significant, which is not significant.)