灰度共生矩阵，指的是一种通过研究灰度的空间相关特性来描述纹理的常用方法。 [1]　1973年Haralick等人提出了用灰度共生矩阵来描述纹理特征。
由于纹理是由灰度分布在空间位置上反复出现而形成的，因而在图像空间中相隔某距离的两像素之间会存在一定的灰度关系，即图像中灰度的空间相关特性。(Gray-level co-occurrence matrix refers to a common method for describing texture by studying the spatial correlation characteristics of grayscale. In 1973, Haralick et al. proposed the use of gray level co-occurrence matrix to describe texture features.
Because the texture is formed by the repeated occurrence of the gray distribution in the spatial position, there will be a certain gray relationship between the two pixels at a certain distance in the image space, that is, the spatial correlation characteristics of the gray in the image.)