1、n个缓冲区的缓冲池作为一个临界资源：
当生产者任务从数据源—文件中读取数据后将会申请一个缓冲区，并将此数据放缓冲区中。
消费者任务从一个缓冲区中取走数据，并将其中的内容打印输出。
当一个生产者任务正在访问缓冲区时，其他生产者和消费者任务不能访问缓冲区。
当一个消费者任务正在访问缓冲区时，其他其他生产者和消费者任务不能访问缓冲区。
使用互斥量实现对缓冲池的互斥访问。(1. Buffer pool of N buffers as a critical resource:

When the producer task reads data from the data source file, it will apply for a buffer and put the data in the buffer.

The consumer task takes data from a buffer and prints out the contents.

When a producer task is accessing the buffer, other producer and consumer tasks cannot access it.

When a consumer task is accessing the buffer, other producer and consumer tasks cannot access the buffer.

Mutex is used to access the buffer pool.)