Recent peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are characterized by decentralized control, large scale and extreme dynamism of their operating environment. As such, they can be seen as instances of complex adaptive systems (CAS) typically found in biological and

公安部已经大规模在全国范围内推广第二代居民身份证的换发工作，目前，许多地区二代证换发工作已经进行了很久。但是，相对应于二代证的推广，社会上许许多多的应用系统都还没有对二代证读卡开发相应的接口，为此，我写了一个通用的二代证机具读卡类，希望能对各位在各自的系统中开发这样的接口提供帮助。-Ministry of Public Security has a large scale across the country to promote the second-generation residents