During the last decade, many variants of the original particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm have been proposed. In many cases, the difference between two variants can be seen as an algorithmic component being present in one variant but

A BRIEF SURVEY ON HYBRID METAHEURISTICS: The term metaheuristic was introduced to define heuristic methods that can be applied to a wide set of different problems. In other words, a metaheuristic can be seen as a general algorithmic framework whi

The Hough transform is a well-established scheme for detecting digital line components in a binary edge image. A key to its success in practice is the notion of voting on an accumulator array in the parameter plane. This paper discusses computati